Two Composite Bone Graft Substitutes for Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation: Histological, Histomorphometric, and Radiographic Analyses.

OBJECTIVE To histologically, histomorphometrically, and radiographically compare clinical performance of 2 composite bone graft substitutes for maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Partially or totally edentulous patients requiring MSFA underwent grafting procedures using a 2:1 mixture of biphasic calcium sulfate (CS) and deproteinized bovine bone (group CB) or biphasic CS and alloplast (group CA). Grafts were allowed to heal for 5 months before placing the implants. During implant surgery, bone samples were collected from grafted areas for histology and histomorphometry. Graft height was analyzed using cone beam computed tomography. RESULTS Sixteen patients completed the study. Mean percentages of new bone were 34.40% ± 18.91% and 36.71% ± 15.32% for the CA and CB groups, respectively; percentages of residual graft particles were 6.98% ± 5.09% and 5.52% ± 4.12%, respectively. The only significant finding was a greater graft height loss in the CA group (24.44% ± 6.52% vs 14.60% ± 4.58%). CONCLUSION Both graft substitutes were integrated in bone, confirming their biocompatibility and effectiveness for MSFA. The CB group showed less bone height loss than the CA group.